Open heart surgery, also known as cardiac surgery, is a medical procedure performed on the heart to treat various cardiovascular conditions. During this intricate surgery, the patient's chest is opened, and the heart is exposed, allowing surgeons to repair or replace damaged vessels, valves, or other structures. Open heart surgery is often necessary for treating conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart valve disorders, or congenital heart defects. Highly skilled cardiac surgeons use advanced techniques and technology to ensure the success of the procedure. Despite the complexity of open heart surgery, advancements in medical science have significantly improved its safety and effectiveness, offering patients a chance for improved heart function and an enhanced quality of life post-surgery.