Title : Analysis of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Abstract:
The aim of the study: was to analyze the characteristics of risk factors (RF) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional multicenter study included 453 male and female patients with a verified diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus, aged 35-65 years, from 14 Russian cities. Patient recruitment was conducted from June 2024 to February 2025. A total of 427 patients (238 men and 189 women) completed the study. Patient examination included a medical examination, completion of a questionnaire adapted by the National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, instrumental examinations (measurement of blood pressure, resting heart rate, anthropometric parameters, including BMI calculation and waist circumference measurement, resting electrocardiography), and assessment of blood biochemistry parameters, including lipid profile.
Results: The average age of men with type 1 diabetes was 42.6±10.3 years, while that of women was 40.9±10.5 years. At the time of diagnosis, the average age of men was 27.2±10.3 years, while that of women was 22.4±11.1 years. Every second patient, regardless of gender, had a nutritional disorder, including impaired intake of table salt, fats, and refined carbohydrates. Despite the young age of the patients, every third one leads a sedentary lifestyle. Hypercholesterolemia in men with type 1 diabetes was detected in 65.1% of cases, while among women this figure was 60.8%. Among men with type 1 diabetes, arterial hypertension was detected in 28.6% of patients, while among women it was 37.6%. Abdominal obesity was recorded in 23.9% of men with type 1 diabetes, compared to 33.9% of women (p=0.03). According to the survey, 46.2% of men with type 1 diabetes were subject to moderate to high levels of chronic stress, while 61.4% of women reported chronic stress (p=0.002).
Conclusion: Managing cardiovascular risk in individuals with type 1 diabetes requires, in addition to effective glycemic control, monitoring key behavioral and biological risk factors for CVD.
