Title : Heart-smart workplaces: Workplace-based interventions for cardiovascular risk reduction
Abstract:
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading global cause of mortality, with a significant proportion attributable to modifiable behavioral and metabolic risk factors. In India, the rising burden of CVD among working-age adults highlights the need for preventive strategies within occupational settings, where individuals spend over one-third of their waking hours.
Objective: To synthesize evidence on workplace-based interventions for reducing cardiovascular risk, focusing on integrated models involving early risk identification, behavior change, policy support, and mHealth technologies.
Methodology: A narrative synthesis of peer-reviewed trials, systematic reviews, and programmatic evaluations was conducted using databases including PubMed and Cochrane. Interventions were categorized by core components: screening, behavioral change, organizational policies, and digital integration.
Results: Multicomponent workplace programs led to significant reductions in cardiovascular risk parameters. A cluster-RCT in Kerala among 4,000 workers reported reductions in systolic BP (−2.7 mmHg), total cholesterol (−7.6 mg/dL), and waist circumference (−2.1 cm). Meta-analyses showed 6–12% reductions in smoking and 15–20% increases in physical activity adherence. mHealth interventions, including SMS nudges and fitness apps, improved step counts by 22% and reduced stress by 13% in a 12-week Indian trial. Early risk identification through biometric screening combined with validated risk scores improved detection of high-risk individuals by up to 30%. Organizational support, including healthy cafeteria policies and scheduled physical activity breaks, enhanced engagement and sustainability.
Conclusion: Workplace-based interventions offer an effective platform for CVD risk reduction. Programs combining behavioral, policy, and digital strategies show measurable health benefits and scalable potential. Such interventions can meaningfully contribute to national NCD control targets and workplace wellness policies.
