HYBRID EVENT: You can participate in person at Rome, Italy or Virtually from your home or work.

3rd Edition of International Heart Congress

June 05-07,2025 | Hybrid Event

June 05 -07, 2025 | Rome, Italy
Heart Congress 2025

The long-term effects of structured lifestyle interventions on the absolute 10-year cardiovascular disease risk among Asian Indians: Results from the follow-up study of the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program

Getu Debalkie Demissie, Speaker at Cardiology Conferences
Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute and La Trobe University, Australia
Title : The long-term effects of structured lifestyle interventions on the absolute 10-year cardiovascular disease risk among Asian Indians: Results from the follow-up study of the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program

Abstract:

Background: Studies have demonstrated the short-term effectiveness of structured lifestyle interventions in lowering absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes. However, their long-term impact remains unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the 9-year effects of structured lifestyle interventions on the predicted 10-year CVD risk in a population of Asian Indians with a high risk for type 2 diabetes.

Methods: The Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program (K-DPP) included 1007 individuals (500 control, 507 intervention) with an Indian Diabetes Risk Score of ≥60 and no diagnosed diabetes at baseline. The intervention group underwent a 12-month structured lifestyle modification program delivered by trained lay peer leaders through 15 group-based sessions, while the control group received a healthy lifestyle advice booklet. Participants were followed up at 1, 2, and 9 years post-baseline. The primary outcome measure was the predicted 10-year CVD risk, calculated using the Framingham Risk Score, which incorporates variables such as age, sex, smoking status, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, diabetes status, and hypertension treatment. Mixed-effects linear regression models were employed to analyze the differences in the mean change of the predicted 10-year CVD risk from baseline to follow-up periods between the intervention and control groups.

Result: Of the 1007 participants enrolled at baseline, 982 (97.5%) were followed up at 1 year, 964 (95.7%) at 2 years, and 861 (85.5%) at 9 years. The mean score for the predicted 10-year CVD risk in the control group and intervention group at baseline was 7.86 (7.04) and 8.41 (7.83) respectively. The mean predicted 10-year CVD risk increased by 1.56% (95% CI: 0.92, 2.21; P<0.001) and 2.28% (95% CI: 1.63, 2.92; P<0.001) at 1 and 2 years, respectively, in the control group. In contrast, the respective increases were lower in the intervention group, at 0.92% (95% CI: 0.26, 1.58; P=0.006) and 1.6% (95% CI: 0.95, 2.25; P<0.001). Over the nine-year follow-up period, the CVD risk increased by 9.99% (95% CI: 9.31, 10.66; P<0.001) from baseline in the intervention group and by 9.83% (95% CI: 9.16, 10.50; P<0.001) in the control group. The differences in mean changes in CVD risk between the intervention and control groups at 1 year was -0.64 (95% CI: -1.23, -0.04; P=0.030); at 2 years, -0.68 (95% CI: -1.36, -0.01; P=0.050); and at 9 years, 0.16 (95% CI: -1.17, 1.48; P=0.810).

Conclusion: Structured lifestyle interventions significantly reduced absolute CVD risk among individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes within the first one to two years following intervention. However, the long-term effects on sustained CVD risk reduction remain uncertain.

Biography:

Getu Debalkie Demissie is currently a PhD candidate in Public Health at La Trobe University, Australia under Professor Brian Oldenburg's team at Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (NCDs and Implementation Sciences lab), Australia. His PhD focuses on examining the long-term effects of lifestyle intervention on the absolute 10-year cardiovascular disease risk among individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes. He has more than 10 years of working experience in teaching, community service, and published more than 35 research articles.

Watsapp