Title : Advances in minimally invasive cardiac surgery
Abstract:
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery has entered a new era, propelled by advances in robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI). This presentation explores how these technologies are reshaping surgical care across the full patient continuum—from preoperative planning to intraoperative support and postoperative monitoring. Robotic platforms like the da Vinci system now enable complex procedures, such as mitral valve repair and coronary bypass grafting, to be performed through small ports with improved visualization and precision. Simultaneously, AI is transforming surgical workflows. Machine learning models now outperform traditional risk scores in predicting complications and aid in patient selection and surgical planning. Intraoperatively, AI-driven augmented reality and computer vision enhance real-time decision-making, while postoperative AI monitoring flags complications early. We review current evidence comparing robotic and open approaches, showing that robotic surgery can match or surpass traditional methods in selected centers. We also address key limitations, including regulatory hurdles, ethical concerns, and the steep learning curve for new users. Finally, we explore emerging innovations such as semi-autonomous robotic maneuvers, digital twin simulation models, and the potential for remote cardiac surgery. Surgeons remain central to this transformation—but understanding these tools is essential for guiding their safe and effective integration into practice. Attendees will leave with a grounded understanding of how AI and robotics can enhance precision, reduce invasiveness, and personalize care in modern cardiac surgery.
