Title : Emerging trends in cardiovascular regenerative medicine
Abstract:
Early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is essential for determining treatment options, such as counselling and medications. The field of regenerative medicine has been making substantial progress in understanding the biomechanics of tissue, biological pathways, and genetic mutations underlying cardiomyopathy and rectifying the disease through an interdisciplinary approach. This review encompasses a curated collection of recent trends in cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
One promising strategy for regenerating damaged vascular networks is therapeutic angiogenesis (TA). This technique uses cell-based therapy and targets intracellular ion signalling pathways. With the advent of genome editing technologies together with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) tissue engineering strategies, the CVD line of treatment now has better precision by modulating the expression of specific proteins and correcting mutated genes. Researchers have found that exosomes released by stem cells are cardioprotective and a source for delivering therapeutic benefits. Exosome-coated stents have been developed to inhibit adverse immune responses.
Various studies have evaluated and used adipose stem cells (ASCs) and ASC-derived extracellular vesicles (ASC-EVs) for cardiac remodelling and fibrosis prevention. Two-dimensional (2D) scaffold-free cell sheet technology involving engineered cardiomyocytes (CMs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an emerging tissue engineering technology to prevent myocardial ischemia and improve survival rates after cell transplantation. Ongoing research on recreating womb conditions focuses on genes that are activated or inactivated as the heart loses its ability to regenerate within weeks after birth in an effort to restore it and eventually attempt to repair the damaged heart tissue with this approach.
Audience Take Away
- Use of stem cells in understanding the biomechanics of tissue under damaged conditions and not just for treatment which draws attention to ethical considerations.
- Geneless approaches to trigger regenerative potential of circulating progenitor cells to perform angiogenesis.
- This review will help people understand the research potential in the field of regenerative medicine and how far it has come in clinical sector in cardiology.
- Awareness about cell based therapy and its advantages and limitations can help academicians to fuel the curiosity in young minds.
